The era of coal, known and used as fuel since 1200, began in mid-1600 for the simultaneous occurrence of various events. Mining, handicraft, industrial until 1600 used the wood as the main source of energy and as building material. Since the mid- grew rapidly in 1600 the demand for wood for building houses, ships, bridges, and as fuel for the production of charcoal. This was always the material used for the processing of iron ore into metallic iron, which is also required in increasing quantities in the manufacture of machines and weapons.
important activity in the forest, the manufacture of charcoal was a major activity of the inhabitants left the Brenta, including the charcoal excelled San Nazario and Solan. And in San Nazario on the initiative of the "goddess Fioi Valbrenta, local historical and cultural association, in the summer the ADI for the preparation a "pojato", the ancient charcoal. In open spaces near the woods, farm yards bunkers, was erected a sort of hill, about 4 feet wide and tall, made of concentric layers stacking in the timber.
the center was left a chimney through which the saithe fed the cooking fire, and every other window of opportunity had to be closed and so the pile was covered with a thick layer of leaves and earth.
At this point could be taken up: central chimney was introduced through the dry wood and fire, immediately after plugging the hole with leaves and mud supply. Cooking, which started from the apex and then proceeded towards the lower strata, was to be followed very carefully to prevent the fire to be extinguished, thus undermining all the work, and vice versa too fed the flames by reducing the wood to ashes. Alongside the inevitable
Pojato stood the cabin in which the coal was residing with his family for the entire period of combustion, since the delicate control operations were to continue day and night. The forest came alive in the life of the yard, with backyard flocks that scratched (and which provided meat and eggs for survival) and the children called to bring together the dry twigs to feed the fire. On completion of the coal was extracted from the ridge, taking in a circle without ever penetrating the surface layers abruptly in depth and covering with earth if necessary for the flame does not engage this again. From each
pojato could get 70-100 tons of coal for which a quantity of wood needed to be 7-8 times higher.
trade was flourishing more in Padua, where blacksmiths made great use.
Since the early 1700s, he began using in increasing quantities, instead of wood, coal, which was also open in several European countries and that it lends itself well as a heat source and then energy in the first crude steam engine that operated pumps, mills and hammers and cheaper.
charcoal has an important story because it was the fuel with which, for centuries, it was possible to convert iron ore into iron, even in high quality iron.
in charcoal, wood, consisting of a complex mixture of lignin and cellulose (the plural is a must because the lignocellulosic materials are very different from plant to plant) is heated in the absence of air, otherwise it would burn. In this way they go, so to speak, most of the water, one part hydrogen and one part oxygen, and remains a mass of almost pure carbon with small amounts of hydrogen and inorganic substances, the ashes.
charcoal obtained by this process is of excellent quality. To be the most solid fuel. Ignites and burns easily developing a calorific value of 8,000 kcal per kg, also to produce all parts of the timber are used, even those of little use for the building or for fuel. If the temperature inside the pojato exceeded 400 ยบ C is obtained almost pure carbon. The only flaws are on the cost (up to 10 times that of wood) and procurement. In the midst of the Age of Coal huge extensions of forests were destroyed and today this is a tribute that we can not ask a nature so under pressure However one could not put a price on the efforts and sacrifices of coal and their families.
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